Morphological Changes in the Striatum after Dopaminergic Cell Transplantation to Parkinson's Disease Rat Model / 대한해부학회지

Parkinson's disease animal model was developed by the destruction of the striatonigral dopaminergic system. The morphological changes in the dopamine depleted striatum after the transplantation of the fetal mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons or tyrosine hydroxylase cDNA transfected human neural stem cells (C4-TH cells) were studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighting 250~300 gm, were used. To make unilateral lesion of nigrostriatal tract, 6-OHDA (6 microgram/microliter) was injected into the medial forebrain bundle. Two weeks after the lesion surgery, the effect of the 6-OHDA lesion was assessed by monitoring apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c)-induced turning behavior and confirmed by the lack of TH-immunoreactivity on tissue sections. Either cell suspension from ventral mesencephalic tissue obtained from embryonic day 14 fetus or C4-TH cells was grafted into the rostral striatum. After grafting, rats were tested with apomorphine every 2 weeks for 6 weeks. The grafted rats showing behavioral recovery were sacrificed and analysed by TH, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and parvalbumin (PV) immuno- histochemistry. TH-immunoreactive (ir) neurons were located around the graft and their processes extended into the striatum. The TH-ir axon terminals made a symmetrical synapse with the dendrites of the striatal neuron. Cell bodies either NPY- or PV-ir striatal neuron were observed around the graft and extended their processes into the graft. TH-ir C4-TH cells were also distributed along the needle track such as the transplanted fetal dopaminergic neurons, but had smaller soma and fewer processes than those. It is concluded that the grafted dopaminergic cells are survived in the dopamine depleted striatum and recovered the rotational behavior of Parkinson's disease animal model.

Expression of Neurotrophic Factors and Their Receptors mRNAs in the Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Following Peripheral Nerve Injury / 대한해부학회지

Degenerative and regnerative changes are occurred in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells after the peripheral nerve injury. This experiment aimed to study the changes of neurotrophic factors and their receptors mRNA expressions in the regenerating sensory neurons after nerve crush injury. To study the regenration process of DRG neurons, the peripheral nerve was crushed rather than transection. mRNA expression was examined by in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes to nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), trkA, trkB and trkC. The results are as following: 1. After the peripheral nerve crush injury, the number of NGF and BDNF mRNA containing neurons are increased for 5 weeks with peak at 1 day and 3 days, respectively. NGFR mRNA containing neurons are transiently decreased during several days after the lesion but return to normal within 1 week. 2. The number of trkA and trkB mRNA containing neurons are not altered by nerve crush. 3. NT-3 and trkC mRNA containing neurons are not observed in the control and lesioned DRG. This study provides the morphological evidences of neurotrophins and their receptors mRNAs changes in the DRG neurons in response to crush nerve injury.

Fine Structure and Glycoconjugate Complex Pattern of the Rat Vaginal Epithelium during Pregnancy / 대한해부학회지

The present study is designed to study the light and electron microscopic structure of the rat vaginal epithelium during pregnancy. Furthermore, lectin histochemistry is used to know the changes of the terminal sugar of the glycoconjugate in the vaginal epithelium during pregnancy. The 0 day of pregnacy is defined as the day of presence of sperm in a vaginal smear. At 0 day of pregnancy, most of cells are flat in morphology except basal cell. Lightly-stained superficial cells had few cell organelles, and all the other cells had many intermediate filament bundles, microvilli-like processes and desmosomes. During pregnancy, the thickness of the vaginal epithelium was increased. The morphology of the mucous cells are changed from a cuboidal shape to a columnar one. The intermediate filament bundles are decreased in the mucous cell after first week of pregnancy. Lectin histochemistry showed the presence of alpha-L-fucose, alpha-D-galactose, beta(1, 4)-N-acetylglucosamine, alpha-D-N-acetylgalactosamine and galactosyl-beta(1, 4)-N-acetylglucosamine in the mucous cells. The basal cells also contained the same terminal sugars except galactosyl-beta(1, 4)-N-acetylglucosamine. Approaching to the birthday, the thickening of the mucous layer of the vaginal epithelium suggests that the mucous containing several glycoconjugates may play an important role to make the appropriate environment in the vaginal lumen during pregnancy and parturition.

Formaldehyde Gas Induced Morphological Changes in the Rat Olfactory Epithelium / 대한해부학회지

Experimental animals were inhalated 50 ppm formaldehyde gas for 3 times with one hour exposure and one hour rest. The olfactory mucosa were taken from the animals on 4, 7, 9, 11 days and 2-6 weeks after the inhalation. The characteristics of the various glycoproteins and the mitotic activity of the olfactory epithelial cells were investigated using lectins and 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg) which injected one hour before sacrifice of the animals. The results were as follows; 1. In experimental animals, the degenerative changes of the olfactory epithelium such as atrophy and squamous metaplasia were observed until 2 weeks after formaldehyde gas inhalation. 2. In control animals, positive reactions appeared in the supporting cell to PNA, SBA, WGA, ECL, PHA-L and in the olfactory cells to PNA, SBA, WGA, UEA and in the proper basal cell to GS-I, SBA, WGA, PHA-L. In experimental groups, the positive reaction was increased in the supporting cells to SBA, ECL, PHA-L and in Bowman's gland to used lectins except ECL, GS-I. 3. The number of BrdU labelled cells in the olfactory epithelium was 14.8+/-1.2/mm in the control animals. The mitotic activities were decreased to 4.8+/-0.8 mm in 2 weeks and recovered in 3 weeks after the gas inhalation. 4. To find the stem cells of olfactory receptor cells, double labelling method was performed with lectins which were specific for proper basal cells (GS-I or PHA-L) and BrdU immunohistochemistry. The ratio of globose/proper basal cells in BrdU labelled cells with GS-I lectin positive reaction was 82%/18% in control group, 39.3%/60.7% in lesion group and 55.5%/44.5% in recovery group.

The Properties of Glycoconjugates of Apoptotic Cell in the Rat Accessory Sex Gland after Castration / 대한해부학회지

The present study was carried out to investigate the structure and the glycoconjugate properties of the apoptotic cells in the rat accessory sex glands (prostate gland, seminal vesicle and coagulating gland) after castration. After identifying the apoptotic cells by TUNEL method, the structure and the glycoconjugate property of these cells was observed with the light and electron microscopes, using nine kinds of lectins (PSA, UEA I, GSL I B4, ECL, DBA, SBA, DSL, GSL II or WGA). And also, the glycoconjugate properties of the apoptotic cells originated from the prostate epithelial cell culture were investigated. The apoptotic cells have condensed and fragmented nucleus, and also have degenerated and condensed cytoplasm. The numerous apoptotic cells were observed in the accessory sex gland at 2nd day after castration, and in the cultured prostate epithelial cell which were grown in the medium lacking growth factors for 12 hours. The cytoplasm and nucleus of the apoptotic cells induced by castration showed positive reaction with PSA, UEA I, SBA, DSL and WGA, which indicate apoptotic cells have the glycoconjugates contain alpha-D-mannose, alpha-L-fucose, terminal beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and internal beta-1, 4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine oligomer. But normal epithelial cells of the accessory sex glands showed different glycoconjugate property from the apoptotic cells. These facts suggest that the glycoconjugate property was changed by apoptosis. The apoptotic cells induced by culture showed positive reactions with the nine different lectins.

Distribution of the various neurotransmitter containing neurons in the rat olfactory bulb:an immunohistochemical analysis / 대한해부학회지

No abstract available.

Changes of the signal transduction system by transneuronal regulation in the olfactory bulb / 대한해부학회지

No abstract available.

Histochemical study on the distribution of the carbohydrate in tracheal mucosa of the rat during pre- and postnatal development / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

Anatomical Study on the Location of the Mental Foramen in Adult Korean Mandibles / 체질인류학회지

We examined the anatomical position of the mental foramina in mandibles foramen normal adult Koreans. 1. The percentages obtained from the study of the relationships between the mental foramen and the lower teeth showed that the most common location was type lv in which the mental foramen lay at the apex of the second promolar. The foramen between thr apices of ice two premolars (type lll) and the foramen between the second premolar and the first molar (type v) occured often and less often rspectively and find no foramen mesial to the first premolar or at the apex of the first premolar and posterior of the first molar (type l, ll, vl). 2. The study of relationship of the mental foramen to the bo of the mandible revealed that mental foramen was situated closer to the lowed border of the mandibular body. The distance ratio between the mental foramen and the alveolar crest to that between the mental foramen and the lower border was approximately 1.2 : 1. The height of the mandibular body was 31.09±2.80mm on the left side and 30.97±2.48mm on the right. 3. The distance from the mandibular symphysis to the anterior border of the mental foramen measured 29.52±2.01mm on the left, 30.82±2.04mm on the right side, and from the mandibular symphysis to the posterior border of the mandibular ramus was 104.20±4.74mm on the left, 105.44±4.49mm on the right side. It indicates that the mental foramen lies approximately at one-fourth of the distance from the mandibular symphysis to 2017-04-19 the posterior border of the ramus. 4. The distance from the superior border of the mental foramen to the bottom of the lower second premolar socket was found to be positive. It was 5.46±3.09mm on the left, 5.73±3.03mm on the right side. This indicates that the bottom of the lower second premolar socket is slightly higher than the superior border of the mental foramen.

Classification of the Carbohydrate using pectin Binding Characteristics and PAS Reaction in Human Gingiva / 체질인류학회지

This study was performed in order to recognize the identifications of the glycoproteins containing oligosaccharides in human gingiva. After made paraffin sections of human gingiva at 4µm, the sections were incubated with 7 lectins (UEA-I, BS-I, SBA, DBA, WGA, PNA, PNA after neuraminidase treated, Con-A). In order to increase specificity of reactions, the sections were applicated with ABC system. And then the sections were incubated with DAB and were counterstained with hematoxylin. Using the same sections, the sections were done H-E and PAS stains. In WGA, DBA and Con-A, plasma membranes of the layers of all epithelium and connective tissue were stained. In BS-I ; In the epithelium of marginal gingiva, plasma membranes of upper layer of the spinous cell layer and granular cell layer were stained. And in epithelium of sulcular gingiva, plasma membranes of the all spinous cell layer and granular cell layer were stained. In SBA ; Plasma membranes of the granular cell layer were stained. In PNA ; In the epithelium of marginal gingiva, plasma membranes of the basal cell layer and lower layer of spinous cell layer were stained. But lectin reactions were not occurred in thc sulcular gingiva. In PNA treated neuraminidase, plasma membranes of the all epithelial layer except basal cell layer membranes especially cytoplasms of upper layer at the sulcular gingiva and connective tissue were reacted. 1. By the above results, authors could know the identification of oligosaccharides existing g1ycoproteins in the human gingiva. 1) All epithelial layer ; α-D-N-Acetyl-Galactosamine, Sialic acid, D-Glucosamine, α-D-Mannose 2) Basal cell layer ; Galactose-β-(1-3)-N-Acetyl-Galactosamine 3) Spinous cell layer ; α-D-Galactose, Galactose-β-(1-3)-N-Acetyl-Galactosamine 4) Granular cell layer ; α-D-Galactose 5) Connective tissue ; α-D-N-Acetyl-Galactosamine, Siallic acid, β-(1-4)-D-Acetyl-Glucosamine, α-D-Glucosamine, α-D-Mannose 2. The Galactose-β-(1-3)-N-Acetyl-Galactosamine was not existed in the basal cell layer and spinous cell layer in the sulcular gingiva.

Classification of Korean Adult Mandibular Condyles / 체질인류학회지

This study is concerned with the classifcation of Korean adult mandibular condyles on the basis of the shape of their anteroposterior view. The results were as follows ; 1. Morphological variations are classified into 4 groups. The percentage of each group has been : flat, 7.7% ; convex, 47.2% ; angled, 14.8% ; round, 30.3%. 2. The location of the highest point were as follows : in the lateral third, 15.5% ; middle third, 80.3% ; medial third, 4.2%. 3. The maximum transverse diameter and greatest height were 20.3±2.4mm and 6.5±1.5mm, respectively.

The Morphologic Study of the Calcar Femorale and its Relations to the Anteversion of the Neck of the Femur / 대한정형외과학회잡지

The calcar femorale is a specific anatomic entity which is often confused with the medial trabecular system or posteromedial cortex of the neck of the femur. The clinical significance of its architecture is evident when one considers the great number of operative procerdures performed in the upper end of the femur. This study deals with 45 cases of the Korean Dry femur(male: 27, female: 12, useless: 6) and two pairs of the femur from the cadavers. The authors observed the three dimensional structure of the calcar femorale and studied the relation between anteversion and calcar femorale. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The calcar femorale was a vertical plate of the thickened bone that lay deep to the lesser trochanter. The length in the vertical axis of the calcar femorale was 44.82±3.59mm. The calcar femorale was thickest medially where it joins the medial trabecular system of the femoral neck (maximal thickness: 2.65±0.65, width: 8.90±1.82mm). 2. The calcar femorale lay in one plane, which inclined 30.02±7.80 degree to the discondylar axis of the femur. By using this inclination of the calcar plane, it could be best visualized with about 60° external rotation of femur in a simple X-ray. 3. The angle between the calcar plane and the diacondylar axis was proportionate to the anteversion of the femoral neck. Correlation coefficient(r=0.80) was calculated. The regression line of y (anteversion) on x(calcar angle) was y=0.75X−8.53(slope). With this proportion, the angle of the femoral anteversion could be determined. 4. Microscopic features of the calcar femorale was revealed in the scanning electron microscopic studies. The medial side of the calcar was a cortical extension and it became thinner posterolaterally and than it was composed of fused or thickened trabeculae.